In past posts I have discussed the
human problems with the rise of robotics in industry. I have also
discussed the serious dangers to the world posed by drone warfare.
Today I will discuss a multi-prong technological issue and it's
relation to gender.
In Star Trek: Insurrection, the “Next
Generation” crew has an adventure with a group of humans who had
left the highly technological world in order to get back to what they
considered being human. One might wonder what they objected to in the
technological wonder that was the Federation that they wanted to
leave. I would suggest that one such technology was the “replicator”.
The Past
If
we look through human history much of the heavy work has been done by
the males. If it needed to be killed, smashed, lifted or dragged the
males did it. If there was an above average risk of injury or death,
the males did it. This is largely due to the fact that among humans
males generally have greater upper body strength than females. Males
also generally have 50% more muscle mass than the female of the
species. If you had to choose between one of the two to do hard
physical work you choose the male.
In the course of his work males
produced tools of varying effectiveness to aid himself in his quest
to master his environment and provide for his family. Whether it be
as simple as a spear or slingshot or as complex as the automobile and
train, it has almost always been the males who have been at the
forefront of “taming” nature by producing tools that made it
easier.
Of course women also benefitted from
these things. Better construction methods lead to better shelter
which made life easier to raise and look after children. Better means
of farming produced better crops.
The more productive a man could be and
the more “wealth” he acquired the easier his female partner had
in life: more secure and plentiful food, better and more clothes,
relative safety from violence.
If that male became wealthy enough, his
female partner could go so far as to delegate child rearing and
housework to other lesser status females.
In the home, mechanization of time
consuming chores “freed” the woman from the home. Washing
machines removed the time needed to manually wash clothes (and anyone
who's done it by hand on a washboard knows how much time that can
kill). Cooking, which included killing, de-feathering, de-furring
and/or skinning meat and the by hand preparation of bread and bread
like material is also time consuming. In comparison to “5 minute
meals” that passes for “food preparation” in many countries,
women in the past had to start dinner shortly after breakfast. In
fact if one has observed any society in which most things are not
mechanized, you see a stunning argument for why gender based rolls
evolved and why they were not “unfair” or “oppressive” as
some would like to believe. It simply makes sense.
So in the past the male-female
connection was largely based on a set of reciprocal needs. Man needs
to have children first and foremost. Secondly he needs to be fed (and
so do his children) after putting in the work necessary for building
and maintaining his home and the community. He could not possibly be
“watching the children” AND hunting or farming large fields.
Nor, could a woman be doing the same. Since babies do not grow on
trees a man must convince a female to bear children for him. His
offer being that in return for providing shelter, etc. that woman
would provide children and take care of the homestead while he was
out. In agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies this is a good
deal. Men aren't sitting around waiting on some other man to give
them a job, they are out working all day (fieldwork or hunting which
can take days) while women are at home working. Nobody is getting off
easy or working up to their “potential”.
The Present
:
Technology changed the prior working
relationship between men and their work to women. As machines were
able to allow fewer men to do more work in less time (increased
productivity) there was a shift in men largely working for themselves
to working for other men. This is not going to be a thesis on the
changes made by the Industrial Revolution though. All we need to
understand is that the “better” technology got the less men as a
group were needed. If anything shows this most profoundly it was the
institution of slavery. Slaves were the most disposable unit of
labor in an economy. The problem though is that they take upkeep.
Unless you have inexhaustible supply of slaves you will have to
upkeep them. They get sick. They die. They become less efficient
after a certain age and they tend to rebel. Worse though, you can't
sell slaves anything because slaves have no income. Now when you look
at a slave in comparison to say a tractor then you ask yourself a few
questions: Why have slaves to maintain a field when you can have one
or two men in a tractor do the same work? Why have slaves milk cows,
when one or two men and a machine can milk more cows in less time?
Mass agricultural slavery was and is
“inefficient” and a barrier to “innovation”. After all if
people get used to just throwing more bodies onto a field and don't
ever consider the concept of a tractor, then no tractor will be made
and your productivity is limited by man-hours.
The Future
There is no denying that robotics
continues to advance at a rapid clip. While many of us are focused on
robots that look like us, the ones that will be job killing will
unlikely look human in any way most likely because while the human
form may be the “most efficient” for nature (debatable) it is
clearly unnecessary and likely undesirable for the various jobs we
will want robots to do.
Let us be clear, eventually the jobs
done by firefighters, police and construction will not require
humans. The first two are tied to government budgets. As pressure
grows on governments to be “efficient” technology, which requires
no paycheck and no benefits will replace humans. The humans that will
be left in these departments will be those who maintain and “operate”
the robots (for those that are not autonomous). Because most of the
“point of contact” positions in policing and firefighting are
males, these are the persons who will be most affected by these
changes.
Think of what we are seeing now. There
is a push to get drones into the hands of law enforcement. These
drones, with the proper battery systems, will be able to surveil a
wide area in a far more efficient means than a human in a vehicle or
on foot. Furthermore these drones can be equipped with night vision,
microphones and other sensors that can detect guns and gun shots.
Facial recognition software would search for known fugitives or other
persons of interest. Drones could (and probably will) be armed and be
able to inject itself into a situation with an armed suspect. This is
in addition to bomb sniffing and disabling robots that we already
have.
Mind you I'm not even talking about artificial
intelligence. I'm talking about stuff that is possible and available
right now.
Similarly firefighters could be
replaced with firefighting robots. You don't need feet, legs or arms
to fight fires. All you need is the ability to get water or some
other form of fire retardant into a building and onto a flame. We
already have robots that can run and jump and maintain their own
balance. Encase them in a shell that can withstand the heat of a fire
and you can send them into a fire with a hose (or whatever) and they
can get to the source far faster than any person without the risk of
life.
It is possible that two trained people can maintain an
entire firehouse of equipment. On a scene of a fire it would be
possible for the same two people to coordinate the use of multiple
robots and drones to deal with a fire. And they could do so without
risking a single life.
Construction is another area heavily
populated by men that is ripe for automation. Currently a lot of
construction is done by men who control machines. One simply needs a
robot smart enough to manipulate the machine (or be integrated into
the machine) for those men to be out of a job permanently. If you
think this cannot be done please look at the recent advances is
driverless cars. Understand that those cars have people in them, by
law, only because lawmakers are nervous about liability. Those
vehicles are “safer” than the drivers they replace. They can
combine data that no human can access such as GPS, Satellite imagery,
light and sonic sensors, heat sensors, etc. They do not have a
union. They do not require a paycheck. They do not require background
checks. They do not require lunch breaks. They do not get tired. They
do not get sick and therefore do not need medical insurance (private
or public). Nor do they distracted by a short skirt that happens to
walk by.
Also, provided there is enough power, they can work
24/7.
Until there is AI, there will be a need
for a person or two or three to manage the machines. By manage I mean
send them on their assigned duties (assuming these robots cannot
inform each other when they are done with their own task). There will
be jobs maintaining those robots but those too will be eventually
automated. And lest one think that a human is needed for “delicate”
procedures, I assure you right now that there are robot hands that
are very sensitive to pressure.
So the near future is pretty clear to
anyone with a spec of foresight. Many occupations that a robot can do
will be done by one unless restricted by law. Since much of European
based societies are highly risk averse (with their own lives) I
believe the laws will actually come out in favor of automation. This
will happen for two reasons:
1) The money to be made off of
automation for those companies that supply said robots (Roombas are
500+ bucks and all they do is vacuum your floor)
2) The safety argument will be forced
by insurance companies which would rather pay to replace or repair a
broken robot than pay for lifetime medical and workman's compensation
to a human.
The question becomes what do these men
do and if they can “do” nothing because what the vast majority of
them had done has been taken over by machines, of what value are they
to a family?
Well they will of course be told to go
into fields dominated by women (which a lot of fields will be).
However they will not be safe there either. Robots are already making
inroads there as well. The duties of those person who say “get
sheets” can be done by a robot today. Robots can take X-rays and
whatever else without risk of exposure to humans. There are
experiments with robots to run entire restaurants. Clearly then the
cafeteria staff is going to go the way of the dinosaur. Staff who
push patients here there and everywhere are unnecessary when robot
from the 1980's could do that. Janitorial staff can be replaced by
industrial sized Roombas. Machines already monitor our vitals. Don't
need a person to do that. Yes there are cases where a person is
needed but most of those cases are currently in the ER. Once a
patient is stable the need for human intervention is minimal. The
want may be there, but the need? Not so much. Once
again I will point out that as the costs of medicine increases
institutions and insurance companies (or the government) will start
to demand these “low overhead” robots be placed into hospitals in
higher numbers.
So yes, men could go an compete with women for
a ever shrinking pool of jobs that would eventually be replaced by
machines. Good luck with that.
But the danger is not only posed by
robots and automation. The danger also exists in the area of medical
science. I previously noted that men need women in order to have
children. It is still the case. Men cannot carry children (and
probably do not want to if childbirth is anything like I've been
told) and therefore must depend upon finding a willing woman to
carry a child to term. Women on the other hand only need to be
inseminated in order to have a child. Modern technology is already
disrupted this co-dependent relationship by allowing women to remove
having any relationship with a male in order to
have and raise a child.
Still though the insemination industry
still needs to have men who would donate their sperm. But what if
that could be eliminated? Well the technology is about here. Recently
we had the phenomenon where an ear was created for a child. A Ted
Talks speech was given where a presenter showed a “printed”
kidney to the audience. Yes, 3D printing combined with advanced
cellular growth technology has or will soon get to the point where a
testicle can and will be “printed'. At that point a fertility
clinic could harvest it's own sperm from its own in house testicles
that were created specifically for them. They could have testicles
representing all manner of races, body types, intelligence, etc. for
women to pick.
At that point having actual males
around will be technically unnecessary. Why would a society produce
males who commit the vast majority of crimes? Why produce males that
are unnecessary to build anything since robots can do that? Why
produce males when robots can police the remaining women, fight the
wars that “need” to be fought and put the fires out? In all
seriousness, Outside of reproduction, in the technologically advanced
world, why would males be necessary? And if they cannot be employed
in the areas that had largely been the bastions of male employment
and the resulting competition with women for the rest of the jobs
leading to conflict, what would the stone cold logic be other than to
limit the number of males in society via technology?
If women can and will work; where they
can have their children watched after by robots in conjunction with
low status females . Where the elderly can and will be watched after
by robots; why would you pay a male to do anything when he isn't
necessary? Not needed to provide anything at all (including his
sperm). His entire existence would be for the entertainment of the
population. A “few good men” to play football, soccer, baseball
and other competitive sports where robots “just wouldn't be the
same”.
One could suggest that the same
technology could produce an artificial womb. I'm not saying that such
an event couldn't happen but rather that it is currently and would
continue to be far easier to produce artificial testis than it would
to produce an artificial uterus. Even if we could get away with not
needing an actual uterus, there are issues of fetus growth, umbilical
cords, placentas and the like that would have to be addressed. I
would say that these issues would likely require the reconstruction
of a number of other biological structures and therefore are at
least an order of magnitude more difficult to accomplish. Testicles
are far easier to create and maintain and will continue to produce so
long as it is “alive”. We already have the technology to preserve
and “deliver” it's product. There are far less unknown unknowns
with testicles than there is with an artificial womb AND the fetus
that would be developing in it.
Some would suggest that such extreme
sex selection is improbable. I disagree. Sex selection already
happens in fertility clinics along with disease screening and
designer choices in eye and hair color to name a few. In less
technologically advanced times, female children were often discarded
at birth in those societies that regarded male children very highly.
In some modern countries there are extreme imbalances between male
and female populations due to past practices of sex-selection
(usually via abortion). But the “new” means can be done by women
with no input by men at all. There are already groups of women who
simply hate their male children. What if future women can simply
decline to have boys? What if rather than simply a matter of personal
choice it becomes a matter of policy because of mass unemployment of
males. Think about it. If you lived in a world where your male child
was unlikely to be employed, unlikely to live a life on his own.
Likely to get into trouble because he hasn't the skills or
inclination to do the work available would you choose to have one?
A quick note about inclination. This is
pretty important. We must understand that people have different likes
and dislikes that are at their very core. It is why people gravitate
to certain types of work and entertainment. To act as if folks just
need to be “motivated” to be good at something is nonsense.
So going back to the Star Trek:
Insurrection movie. What was it they found so objectionable that they
decided to leave? The removal of the human element. The purpose. The
sense of having a place in society. The replacement of human work by
machines in the name of efficiency, safety and profit eventually
kills what it is to be human. One of the things I hear often is that
retirement is the greatest predictor of death. Why is this? Well the
change in lifestyle is one thing but the next is that there is no
purpose anymore. No reason to get up in the morning. What happens
when it is not just “old” people who are “retired” but entire
populations? Perhaps they saw the threat it posed to their families
and sense of being. Maybe we'll get to that point ourselves.